Abbreviations: AM (alveolar macrophage), BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage), DC (dendritic cell), e-cig (e-cigarette), e-cig vaped extract (EVE), gen (generation), h (hour), min (minute), NK (natural killer), PG (propylene glycol), THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), VG (vegetable glycerin) The effects of vaping on microbiome composition in the airway are limited but has been assessed in the nasal cavity(147) and lower airways(141)
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The new legislation is part of New Zealands drive to become smoke-free by 2025, a situation in which fewer than 5 percent of the population smokes, according to the government definition
Cigarettes : By contrast, a cigarette usually contains 8 to 12 milligrams of nicotine